Radon risk communication, awareness and perception: results of a national public opinion survey in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Introduction Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas, recognized as a leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. The level of public radon awareness remains low in many countries. The study presents the results of a public opinion survey in the Republic of Moldova within the IAEA STEAM Project (RER9153), aiming to assess public awareness, risk perception, and willingness to undertake radon mitigation measures. 

Material and methods A structured questionnaire was administered to 391 adults across 20 districts and 2 municipalities during December 2020–February 2021. Statistical analysis was used to assess associations among radon knowledge levels and socio-demographic variables. 

Results showed that 75.4% of respondents knew little or nothing about radon, although 64.5% considered home radon testing a priority. More than half were unaware of how testing is performed, and approximately 30% believed that ventilation could replace testing. While 84.9% correctly linked radon to lung cancer, many associated it with unrelated diseases. Family doctors and public health institutions were the most trusted sources but were rarely used, whereas the internet and social media were frequently used but were less trusted. Radon was perceived as posing a lower risk than nuclear accidents and food contamination. 

Conclusions The findings revealed significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions among communities, underscoring the need for targeted, evidence-based risk communication strategies using trusted healthcare channels to promote awareness and action regarding indoor radon exposure.