EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY PATTERNS AND THE RS2241766 POLYMORPHISM OF ADIPONECTIN GENE IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A GENE-DIET INTERACTION STUDY

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a significant health challenge worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income nations, where genetic factors play a substantial role in its occurrence. The ADIPOQ gene, responsible for encoding adiponectin and influencing metabolic functions, potentially interacts with dietary behaviors to impact CAD susceptibility. This study seeks to explore the connection between dietary patterns, interactions within the ADIPOQ gene, and the risk of CAD. Conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, kelambakkam, India .the study utilizes a cross-sectional design to examine these relationships from January to April 2024 included 50 subjects aged 30 to 70, divided equally into CAD and non-CAD groups. Genetic analysis for the +45T/G polymorphism was performed using the Tetra primer-arms PCR technique. The study found significant associations between genetic polymorphisms, dietary patterns, and health outcomes in individuals with CAD. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were observed between CAD and non-CAD groups, with narrowed coronary arteries associated with higher BMI and waist circumference. significant differences in lifestyle and sleep pattern differences were observed. Non-vegetarian diets were prevalent with cad subjects having a higher prevalence (64%). High red meat and fast food consumption were linked to adverse lipid profiles. The GG genotype of the ADIPOQ gene rs2241766 was associated with these dietary habits (p < 0.01) and obesity (OR = 5.1429, p = 0.0084), while the GT genotype also showed a strong correlation with obesity (OR = 22.15, p <0.050) among CAD subjects.Our findings underscore the complex relationship between diet, genetics, and CAD, with specific genetic variants influencing dietary preferences and obesity risk, thus contributing to CAD susceptibility. The presence of the rs2241766 GG genotype indicates a higher susceptibility to CAD compared to individuals with the rs2231142 TT genotype, emphasizing the intricate relationship between diet, genetics, and CAD.